Формирование читательской грамотности учащихсяна уроках английского языка с использованием технологии «Чтение по кругу»
Сущность даннойтехнологии заключается в следующем: на уроке обучающимся предлагается опорнаясхема, по которой соблюдается последовательность и этапы работы с текстом.Каждый ученик получает определенную роль, согласно которой он работает стекстом.
Понять тематикупредложенной роли, обучающимся помогут условные обозначения, характеризующие туили иную роль. После знакомства с опорной схемой, следует распределение поролям с учетом индивидуализации и дифференциации обучения. Основным заданиемявляется текст для домашнего чтения, где осуществляется развитие умения читатьна основе художественного текста.
Первой стадиейработы является чтение наиболее важного образца (отрывка) текста. Данную рольвыполняет “Passage Person” или «Чтец». При чтении следует обратитьвнимание на произносительную сторону речи, умения читать, с целью извлеченияконкретной информации, что является обязательным на данном этапе, а такжеумения переводить с английского на русский язык.
Следующим этапомработы с текстом является работа с лексикой. Назначенную роль выполняет“Word Master” «Знаток по словам».В данном разделе контролируется знание ЛЕдля рецептивного и продуктивного усвоения.
Роль“Discussion Leader” «Ведущий» ориентирована на правильное составлениевопросов и ответов обучающихся на эти вопросы, что позволяет определить,насколько хорошо они ориентируются в текстах – высказываниях и понимают ихсодержание. Предполагается, что ответы обучающиеся находят в тексте.
Следующую рольвыполняет “ Connector” «Связной». Его роль найти связь между историей иреальной жизнью, привести примеры из жизни. Если это сложно, упростить заданиена составление задания по тексту на поиск правдивой, ложной информации.
Заключительныйэтап работы выполняет “Summarizer” «Подводящий итоги».Упражнение направлено напостроение монологического высказывания. Обучающиеся в устной форме готовятсобственные высказывания, используя вводные слова, реплики- клише.
Следующая роль“Culture Collector” «Культурный аналитик», его роль направлена назнакомство с культурологическими аспектами в тексте, знакомство с традициями,реалиями и культурой в странах изучаемого языка.
Технология «Reading Circle»«чтение по кругу» помогает прорабатывать материал детально. Крометого, обучающиеся имеют возможность пофантазировать, высказать свое мнение. Всеимеющиеся лексико -грамматические навыки востребованы, поскольку от обучающихсяв результате требуется связное монологическое высказывание.
Использованиетехнологии «Чтение по кругу» на уроках английского языка позволяет значительноувеличить время речевой практики на уроке для каждого обучающегося, добитьсяосвоения материала всеми участниками группы, решить разнообразныевоспитательные и развивающие задачи. Учитель в свою очередь становитсяконсультантом самостоятельной учебно-познавательной, творческой деятельностиобучающихся, у него появляются возможности для совершенствования процессаобучения, развития коммуникативной компетенции обучающихся, целостного развитияих личности.
Следовательно,ценность технологии «Reading Circle» «чтение по кругу» заключаетсяв следующем:
· широкие возможности транслирования,
· групповая работа (над текстом работает группа обучающихся);
· индивидуализация и дифференциация обучения (каждый обучающийсяимеет индивидуальное задание).
· описывать события с опорой на зрительную наглядность;
· передавать основное содержание прочитанного текста с опорой илибез опоры;
· читать и находить нужную запрашиваемую информацию;
· писать небольшое письменное высказывание с опорой на образец
В качествелогического завершения занятия обучающимся предлагается домашнее заданиепродуктивного характера. Таким образом, технология «Чтение по кругу» позволяетдетально проработать языковой материал текста. Подводя итог, можно сделатьвывод о том, что данная технология содействует формированию культуры чтения,включающей в себя умение ориентироваться в источниках информации, пользоватьсяразными стратегиями чтения, используя предлагаемые роли, адекватно пониматьпрочитанное, сортировать информацию с точки зрения ее важности, «отсеивать»второстепенную, оценивать новые знания, делать выводы и обобщения, то естьформирует у обучающихся навыки самоконтроля.
Тексты для работы на уроках английского языка с использованиемтехнологии «Чтение по кругу»
TheMoneyless Man
For most of us it seemsthat money makes the world go round. However, not for Mark Boyle who has turnedhis life into a radical experiment.
Mark Boyle was bornin 1979 in Ireland and moved to Great Britain aftergetting a degree in Business. He set up his own business in Bristol. Forsix years Mark Boyle managed two organic food companies which made him a good profit.
However, in 2008, hedecided to give up earning money. He vowed to live without cash, credit cards,or any other form of finance.
Mark Boyle began torealise that many of the world’s problems are just symptoms of a deeperproblem. He thought that money gave people the illusion of independence.
Mark sold his house andstarted preparing himself for his new life. He posted an advert on a websiteasking for a tent, a caravan (a vehicle for living or travelling) or any othertype of a house. Soon an old lady gave him a caravan for free. At least he thenhad a roof over his head!
After that, with hispockets empty, Mark was ready to go. He didnt even carry keys as he decided totrust the world a bit more and not lock his caravan. On November 28th(International Buy Nothing Day 2008), he became the Moneyless Man forone whole year.
Everything wasdifferent from then on. Mark lived in his caravan on an organic farm where heworked as a volunteer three days a week. In return he got a piece of land tolive on and grow his own vegetables. His food was cooked on a stove, and hewashed in a shower made from a plastic bag hanging from a tree, and warmed bythe sun.
Even breakfast wasdifferent. With no morning coffee to brew, Mark had to find an alternativedrink to start the day with. So he drank herbal teas, sometimes with some freshlemon verbena that he could find near the caravan. Its all very good foryou: iron, calcium, anti-oxidants, Mark said.
Food was the firstthing to consider. Mark discovered that there were four ways to find it:looking for wild food, growing his own food, bartering (exchanging his grownfood for something else), and using loads of waste food from shops.
Public interest in hisproject was divided. While a huge number of people supported him, there wascriticism of him, particularly on Internet forums.
People are eithervery positive about what Im doing or very negative; I think its about 70 percent/30percent. Its funny, if you dont have a massive plasma TV these days, peoplethink you are an extremist, Mark said.
People tend to ask Markwhat he learnt from a year of a moneyless life. What have I learned? Thatfriendship, not money, is real security, he answers.
Marks remarkablejourney is described in his new book The Moneyless Man, which showsin a detailed way the challenges he faced on the road to his new world.
Thewill
One day young Williamwas called to a lawyer’s office. The lawyer announced that William’s uncle hadleft him a thousand dollars. He also added that William was required to givethe lawyer a report of how he used the money as soon as he spent it. That washis uncle’s last wish.
William promised tofollow his uncle’s wish and went straight to his club. He looked for Bryson, acalm wise man of about forty, who was sitting in a corner reading a book. WhenWilliam told him about the contents of the will, Bryson did not seem at allsurprised. He only remarked that the uncle was worth about half a million.
William told Brysonthat his uncle had left a lot of money to charity while his servants hadreceived only ten dollars each. There was one more person mentioned in thewill, Miss Hayden, a distant relative who lived in the uncle’s house. She was aquiet, musical girl and the dearest woman in the world to William. William hadbeen in love with her for two years but he had never told her about hisfeelings.
William had no idea howto spend a thousand dollars and he hated making the report. He had a feelingthat his uncle was making fun of him.
In the street Williamsaw a blind man selling pencils. William went up to him and asked himwhat he would do with the money. The blind man shrugged hisshoulders and said that he had never seen such a huge amount of money andtherefore had never had the problem of spending such a sum. William bought allhis pencils and gave him ten dollars above the asking price.
William was walkingdown the empty street when he had an idea.
He got into a cab andwent to his uncle’s house where Miss Hayden lived. He found her, sad andbeautiful, writing letters in the library. William knew that like the servantsshe had received nothing from his uncle but ten dollars. So he said that therewas an addition to his uncle’s will that allowed her to have a thousand dollarsand he gave her the money there and then. Miss Hayden turned white, took thebanknotes and put them in the drawer of the writing desk. Then she quietlythanked William and gave him a shy smile.
In excitement Williamwent back to the lawyer’s office, ready to hand over the report. Suddenly thelawyer took out another document which had been given to him by William’s uncleand started reading. It said that in the case that William spent the moneywisely, he was to receive another fifty thousand dollars. On the contrary, ifhe had spent it in a foolish way, the fifty thousand would go to Miss Hayden.
Smiling brightly,William destroyed the report and said he had lost a thousand dollars on theraces. William realised that he was going to lose much more than that, but hefelt happy about it.
TheSanta Claus Wait
Christmas Eve is aspecial time for children. Every year they wait for their presents from SantaClaus. Magic is everywhere in Tim and Robert’s house which is decorated withgreeting cards, candles and lights. The sweet smell of Mum’s homemade cookiesalso brings to mind the coming wonders.
Throughout the monthbefore Christmas Tim and his brother Robert regularly made their beds, set thetable and followed their parents’ instructions about the house. As usual, eachof them wrote a letter to Santa to ask for a toy. They knew Santa wouldn’t visitnaughty children.
The same thing happenedeach year until the brothers were nine. They suddenly began to doubt that Santacould decorate their tree and millions more trees in a single night. It alsoseemed hard for Santa to deliver all the gifts before daybreak. Besides, theykept asking Dad how Santa could get inside their house without a chimney!
Dad usually answeredthat Santa would surely come, but that the children should be good and go tobed early. So on Christmas Eve, after Mum had checked that there was enoughfood left for Santa, the boys were sent to bed as usual. Robert was soonasleep, but Tim silently lay in bed, hoping to hear Santa coming. It seemed thelongest night of Tim’s life.
In the early morning,when the other members of the family were still asleep, Tim bravely went to theliving room to check for presents from Santa. When he switched on the light, hecried “Wow! He’s come!” In the room the Christmas tree stood in the middle of abig platform that looked like a small town with a toy railroad. It wasunbelievable: a toy wonderland!
Tim spent an hour amongthe toys and then decided to wake up Robert and his parents to see thepresents. While running upstairs he saw that the cookies had disappeared. Inexcitement he went into his parents’ bedroom but didn’t notice that they seemeda little bit more tired than usual.
“Mum! Dad! Quick!Robert! It’s fantastic!” he shouted. Everybody went down. Robert immediatelysaw his new car. It was wonderful. Poor Robert was upset because the car wouldn’trun. Dad said he couldnt understand why the car wouldnt start. The batteriesin the car had been absolutely new.
He didn’t know Tim hadturned on the car and had forgotten about it when he was checking out othergifts earlier. Within that hour the batteries died, in those times they didntlast long. Tim kept silent as he didn’t want to be punished on Christmas Day.
