How to express obligation?

	Глагол	Present	Past	Future
— Must I memorize this poem? — Yes, you must. — Должен ли я выучить это стихотворение? — Да, обязательно.	must должен обязательно что-то сделать	must
— Do we have to wait long? — Yes, you do. Its raining hard and the flight is delayed. — Нам придется долго ждать? — Да. Идет сильный дождь, и рейс откладывается.	have to (have got to) должен, приходится поневоле, вынужден (в силу обстоя­тельств)	have to has to	had to	shall 1 have will [to
1 am to meet her in the library today. Я должен (мне предстоит, мы договорились, я обещал) встретиться с ней в библио	be to должен (я обещал, запланировал по расписанию, по договоренности)	am to are to is to	was to were to
теке сегодня.
You should study English words before you go to bed. Вам следует (Вы должны, по моему мнению) учить анг-	should должен (следует по моему мнению, совету)	should
лийские слова перед сном.
You ought to return the book to me on time. Ты должен (это твой долг)	ought to следует, должен (это твой моральный долг,	ought to
возвратить мне книгу вовремя.	когда мы говорим о законе, правилах)
You neednt clean the windows.	neednt (don’t need to)	need	didn’t need to	won’t need to
They are clean already. Тебе не нужно мыть окна. Они	нет никакой необхо­димости (нужды)
чистые.

Exercise 1. Fill the gaps in the sentences with must(nt), neednt or should(nt). be to

1. Weve run out of paperclips. I……………… get some more in the morning.

2. You……………………….. finish that report tonight if youre too tired. Midday

tomorrow is the deadline.

3. What are you doing here?……………….. you be at the meeting downtown?

4. He really……………………… have told his brother about this deal. It was supposed

to be absolutely confidential.

5. You clean the office because we havent been using it today, but

could you tidy the shelves in the storeroom, please?

6. You……………………….. make so much noise. Well be asked to leave otherwise.

7. Im going to be in trouble. I……………….. to post these letters yesterday

afternoon and I completely forgot.

8 You………………………… have typed this — a handwritten note would have been quite

adequate.

1. The meetings finished. We……find out whats been decided.

Exercise 2. Complete the second sentence using the correct form of must, need, should or have to without changing the meaning.

E.g.It is vital to wear a helmet when you ride a motorbike.

You must wear a helmet when you ride a motorbike.

1. I expect well get the contract because we offered the best price.

We offered the best price so we……………………………………..

2. It isnt necessary for us to spend a long time in the museum if its not interesting.
We……………………………………………………………………………….

3. It was wrong of you to speak to my mother like that.

You……………………………………………………………………………

,

4. She promised to phone me before lunch. Its seven oclock now.

She…………………………………………………by now.

5. I made far more sandwiches than we needed.

I……………………………………………so many sandwiches.

6. Its essential that my father doesnt find out what Ive done.

My father……………………………………………………….

7. In my opinion it would be wrong for them to leave the house now.

I dont think they……………………………………………..

8. My sister offered me a lift so it wasnt necessary for me to call a taxi.

As my sister offered me a lift……………………………………

Exercise 3. Match the two halves of these sentences.

1. She should be working

2. She shouldnt stay in bed all day

3. She shouldnt have fallen asleep

4. She mustnt oversleep

5. She doesnt have to get up yet

6. She didnt need to rest

7. She neednt have set the alarm clock

a when she was supposed to be working.

b because she woke up early anyway.

с but shes too tired.

d or shell miss her interview.

e unless shes ill.

f if shes not going to work today.

g because she wasnt feeling tired.